20th Century/Poland: Model 31/50 Helmet - Type I/Ludwików Steelworks/Second Polish Republic/Salamandra

Polish Model 31 helmet. A legendary Polish design from the Second Polish Republic era. One of the most advanced and best helmets of World War II. The wz.31 helmet is the most advanced and successful Polish helmet design from the interwar period, and is currently the subject of widespread collector interest in Poland and on international markets. At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, the Polish Army recognized the need to develop a new military helmet design that could be mass-produced using the capabilities of domestic industry. Intensive conceptual work was carried out, and in the early 1930s, successive batches of helmets manufactured by various producers were subjected to testing. In 1934, helmet shells from the “Sosnowiec” and “Ludwików” factories underwent rigorous testing involving bullet penetration tests with pistol and rifle ammunition, which yielded exceptionally good results. For example, 9 out of 10 helmets manufactured by the “Ludwików” Steelworks withstood the penetration tests. As a result, by a decision dated August 26, 1935 (Ref. No. L.3554), the Minister of Military Affairs officially approved the new helmet design to be used by the Polish Army. In the interest of Poland’s national security, the supplier was required to use domestic materials, raw materials, and semi-finished products—not only in terms of where they were purchased but also where they were manufactured. To protect military secrets, the production of wz. 31 helmets at the Ludwików Steelworks was designated by the code name: “production of H-type pots.” The wz. 31 helmet accompanied Polish soldiers during the September Campaign of 1939 and today is one of the most recognizable mementos and, at the same time, a symbol of the heroic battles fought in September. During World War II, wz. 31 helmets were used by soldiers in the forest units of the Polish Underground State and by the Warsaw Insurgents. After World War II, the excellent wz. 31 helmet continued to be used in units of the postwar Polish Army.
Model 31/50 Helmet
After 1945, wz. 31 helmets continued to be used by the Polish Army and paramilitary formations. Large quantities of unfinished wz. 31 helmet shells from an unfulfilled order for 1939–40 survived the war years in the storage yards of the Ludwików Steelworks. Helmet shells from this batch were assembled after the war in several variants differing in finishing details. Although assembly of the helmets likely began shortly after the war, the Polish Army designated them wz. 31/50 as part of a standardization of nomenclature.
The piece offered here is a wz. 31/50 helmet from a very early batch of helmet shells finished after World War II: it features a visor manufactured after 1945, modeled after the interwar design, though made of lower-quality materials and slightly smaller. The helmet is equipped with a German-made liner taken from supplies left behind by the occupiers, which is a characteristic feature of this variant. Inside the bell, there is a visible red stamp with the letter “C” inscribed in a circle, as well as a faintly imprinted black stamp with a partially visible “VII.” Dimensions: 16.6 x 23.5 x 28. Beautifully preserved, original khaki-colored lacquer. A showpiece, definitely intended for a collection. The condition of the item is shown in the attached photos.